Technology has changed our daily life routine as well as living style. So, student of school or colleges or university require application that supports smart phone to get all type of information related to examination, lecture notes, placement regarding question, notification, events, transportation etc. instead of calling system because almost all mobile users has smart phone now days. Each and every educational institute provides limited services to their users including students, parents, guardian and public. If provided services are more than ease of using is very difficult. Android Based College Campus ApplicationThat is why students interest towards using college or school or university is decreasing day by day. We designed an application to fulfil the requirement of students or parents or employee based on present scenario of market and latest technology
The main objective of the project is to develop a system that provides information regarding the places, hotels, transports. Any news, information, advertisements, displayed on this website reaches millions of potential customers. This project is mainly beneficial for the tourist’s having no idea about the places they want to visit. By providing a geographic based information system the tourists and people shifting to new cities can get a better guidance of the places they want to visit.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
In the present system a customer has to approach various agencies to find details of places and to book tickets. This often requires a lot of time and effort. A customer may not get the desired information from these offices and often the customer may be misguided. It is tedious for a customer to plan a particular journey and have it executed properly.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The proposed system Itour : Tourism City Using Bootstrap is a web based application and maintains a centralized repository of all related information. The system allows one to easily access the relevant information and make necessary travel arrangements. Users can decide about places they want to visit and make bookings online for travel and accommodation.
The paper discusses the design and development of an Android application which provides career guidance to the students. The application can be used by students and parents as it provides complete details of colleges like tuition and accommodation fees, eligibility criteria, campus placement opportunities, accommodation facilities, scholarship schemes, campus support services, rules and regulations etc. It helps students to select colleges in engineering and management field in India and abroad based on the factors like qualifying exam details, technical expertise and other details. The application prepares the college list as per the entrance examination marks and the eligibility criteria of colleges and the courses chosen. The college list is filtered based on parameters like institution ranking, fee limits and location chosen. Mobile Application for Career GuidanceThe registration to selected college involves student extensive details and Aptitude Test (AT). The Aptitude Test is multiple choice question (MCQ) based and includes verbal section, quantitative section and general knowledge. The application will help the students to get the most appropriate college and the course in the field of their interest in India or abroad.
Android Debug Bridge, commonly known as adb, is the central Android development tool, both for application and operating system development. adb remount command is used for remounting Android system partition from read-only to writable. This is very important for operating system development, since it enables modifying and updating only one library until the issue is resolved, instead of flashing the whole partition, which lasts significantly longer and slows down the development. When Android Nougat was brought up using UBIFS for the first time, it has been noticed that adb remount was not functional. Investigation determined that the origin of the issue came from a security update provided by Google [3]. The update fixed a security breach where files under read-only file system could have been altered by writing raw bytes to block devices. As a final result, hacker would be obtaining Android root access, which provides the highest possible access and modification permissions [4]. Google resolved this issue by using BLKROSET ioctl(). Each time a read-only file system is mounted, its corresponding block device also is being set to read-only state and vice versa. This ioctl() behaves as a simple lock which forbids writing. However, Google’s solution assumed that the file system is mounted on a block device. BLKROSET is only intended for block devices and supported by those. This ioctl() would fail when used on a MTD based file system, like UBIFS. And the failure would result with adb remount command failing. BLKROSET is even being called during the initial file system mounting, but the failure does not stop or alter the boot sequence. Further investigation showed that this double lock mechanism is completely unnecessary for UBIFS. Regardless of whether a partition has been mounted as read-only or not, MTD and UBI devices could not be modified by a simple write operation. The results of the access test are shown in Table 1. First column specifies the file system device. Column named “BLKROSET” shows if this ioctl() has been enabled or not. Columns “write” shows if the corresponding file operation was available under the specified device. Last column specifies if the file system associated to the device has been mounted as read-only or not. Symbol “X” is used if the value is not important or if it does not make sense. code shoppy
Single UNIX Specification version 3 [6] specifies a function, posix_fallocate(fd, offset, len), that ensures the space is allocated on disk for the byte range specified by offset and len for the disk file referred to by the descriptor fd. This allows an application to be sure that a later write()to the file won’t fail because disk space is exhausted (which could otherwise occur if a hole in the file was filled in, or some other application consumed space on the disk). Historically, the glibc library implementation of this function achieved the desired result by writing a 0 byte into each block in the specified range. Since version 2.6.23Linux provides an fallocate() system call, which provides a more efficient way of ensuring that the necessary space is allocated, and that glibc posix_fallocate() implementation makes use of this system call when it is available [7]. Kernel side of fallocate() did not only implement the POSIX version of fallocate(). It expanded fallocate()capabilities by requiring its mode to be set when issuing the system call. Upon testing Android Nougat with UBIFS file system, it has been detected that installation of new applications is not functional. It has been determined that the root cause was the fact that fallocate() system call was not supported for UBIFS. Android source code inspection showed that there were several ways of using fallocate() mode throughout the entire operating system. The main issue here is that fallocate() system call has to be implemented for each of the file systems separately. Not even EXT4 and F2FS file systems support all possible fallocate() modes. But Google has decided to make mandatory some of those which are supported. Mandatory modes are: default (0) mode, keepsize mode and keep size punch hole mode. In order to provide Android UBIFS support, this missing functionality has been implemented. Figures in the paper will be used to explain previously mentioned modes. Fig. 1 is showing the existing file, which contains 14 characters. Each of the orange rectangles represents one of the previously written characters. This figure will be used as a base file for modifications achieved by using fallocate() system call. https://codeshoppy.com/android-app-ideas-for-students-college-project.html
Internet shopping has grown significantly across the globe more especially in both developed and developing-countries [3]. [4] argues that while online shopping conferred a limited segment of the market sales in South Africa, its growth will be inevitable in the near future. Developing countries such as South Africa, online scams are on the rise. Online shoppers/users find it difficult to shop online due to the perceived risks and perceptions that need to be managed. Code Shoppy These risks affect online shopping space as it presents threats that if not managed properly can be catastrophic. These risks include financial loss, products/services risk and privacy risk. South Africa e-commerce is still to over online security and mistrust issues that are currently affecting online shoppers/users. The country is also facing challenges with regarding to policy direction in dealing with these issues. This current study evaluates and analyses risk associated with online shopping in South Africa. [5] reported that South Africa is losing approximately R2.2 Billion annually to cybercrimes. A report by South African Banking Risk Information Centre (SABRIC) revealed that South Africa recorded a highest number of cyber-criminal activities and rated third country to record a highest number of cyber-crimes globally [6]. It is therefore evident that internet purchasing presents an opportunity for cyber-crimes to take place.
This research was carried outin South Africa and information was gathered through a variety of platforms were incidents and intelligence were reported and collected. Primary data was collected through an online survey method.
I. Building a Questionnaire Survey An online survey was constructed using a ten (10) closed question structured based on the research questions to collect data. These ten closed questions were developed to be able to measure the impact of perceived risk on the internet shopping and demographic characteristics. Scales used by [10], [11] and [12] are used in this study. A five (5) item scale was employed in comparison with previous studies that focused on the internet shopping and major risks as outlined above. The population of this research was formed by internet users who purchased at least one product or service online in the past 12 months. Items were assessed independently for retail, hospitality and other industries. Each risk was measured on a Likert scale of 5 points.
II. Sampling In total, 459 responses were recorded on the online questionnaire/survey platform from a population of more than 1500 responses. This study sampled 459 responses of which 43.8% of the participants were males while 56.2% were females. The initial question asked was “have you made or purchased an item online at least once in the past 12 months? Responses to this questions have two answers (Yes or No). https://codeshoppy.com/ Those who responded with yes were allowed access to the study while those who responded with no, their participation was recognized and survey closed and their participation was not recorded. Only participants who responded with a yes were granted access to complete the entire online survey.
About 19% (88 respondents) shopped at least once per month on average. The highest industries where respondents purchased products or services at least once in 12 months/1-year period was retail and hospitality industries accounting to 56% and 38% respectively while other industries only accounted 6%.
III. Respondents Representation per Province in South AfricaSouth Africa is made up of nine provinces. Figure II below shows the geographic spread of the sampled population per province in South Africa.
The number of online shoppers has increased in recent years. Reference [1] indicated that more than 60% of American consumers shop online at least once a month; only 1% has never shopped online. Reference [2] showed that in the past 12 months, more than 70% German and Finnish users have used the Internet to shop, and over 80% English users shop online. Reference [3] indicated the Internet enables companies and consumers to interact with each other through electronic commerce. In the wake of the enormously profitable online market, the competition among shopping websites is keen. Understanding the issue about online shopping is important for online sellers. Thus, this study focuses on the determinants of online shopping behavior.
Purchasing is the main method of obtaining actual products, regardless of product type (physical or digital) [4]. A variety of explanatory models have been developed and aimed at predicting and explaining online purchasing behavior based on user acceptance theories such as the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Such studies have improved understanding of why individuals purchase products/services online [5].
Recent studies have demonstrated that the environmental factors are important for fostering shopping behavior [6]. For example, store environment may influence product evaluation and store choice. https://codeshoppy.com/latest-mca-project-topics-2018.html However, previous studies, such as TAM and TPB, less concern the influence of environmental factors on online shopping behavior. In social cognitive theory, there is a triadic mechanism among personal characteristics, such as cognitive states, psychical features, such as external environment factors, and behavior [7]. Social cognitive theory is a strong theory that accounting for the human behavior argued by [7].
There are many studies adopting social cognitive theory to explain the online customer behavior. Reference [8] used social cognitive theory to assess the determinants of internet banking adoption. The results shown that websites’ social feature, trust, compatibility with lifestyle and online customer services have a significant effect on customers’ intentions to adopt Internet banking. Reference [9] adopted social cognitive theory to consider the role of personal factors and environmental influences in individual behavior.
The results of these studies are shown that social cognitive theory is a powerful theory for validating individual behavior. Reference [10] indicated that using the social cognitive theory proposed by [11, 12] is a novel and useful starting point to guide future research in sustainable consumption. However, few studies have employed social cognitive theory to explain the antecedents of online shopping behavior. Social cognitive theory, which is developed in social psychology, has received little attention within in online purchase field. Most of prior researches which employed social cognitive theory as a theoretical framework focus on the specific aspect of social cognitive theory, such as the self-efficacy and outcome expectancy [9]. The core concepts within the social cognitive theory, in particular environmental and personal dimensions are less concerned. For further understanding the issue about online shopping behavior, this study adopts social cognitive theory to explore the antecedents of online shopping behavior by considering personal factors and environmental factors.
In social cognitive theory, regarding on personal factors, [7] expressed that cognitive state is a kind of personal characteristics. On a shopping website, trust is a key factor influencing consumer decision [13]. Trust can be defined as the trustor perceives that the trustee has the ability, integrity, and benevolence features to bring benefit to the trustor [14]. That is, in this study, trust can be regarded as a cognitive state of social cognitive theory. Reference [8] indicated that website features are essential in determining the usage of a website. The layout, design, features, and characteristics of websites are considered as website design. Thus, this study adopts perceived website complexity which is proposed by [15] as an environmental factor of social cognitive theory. Code Shoppy This study explores the determinants including trust and perceived website complexity of online shopping behavior. The results can be seen as practical suggestions for platform managers to improve their business.
Based on social cognitive theory, this study proposes a research model to explore the relationships among trust, perceived website complexity, and online shopping behavior. Besides, previous studies have indicated that online store environment is a key factor influencing online purchase [23]. However, perceived website complexity is less considered. Thus, this study regards perceived website complexity as an environmental factor and explores the relationship between perceived website complexity and online shopping behavior. Understanding this issue will contribute to online shopping research agenda and will help online shopping managers to obtain advantages in the face of environmental stresses. Future works can collect and analyze empirical data to verify this research model. Online Herbs Shopping
In this article, the complete analog front-end (AFE) of the high-speed Ethernet transmission systems (100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1) are characterized. These bus systems consist of transceiver chip, low pass filter (LPF), common mode choke (CMC), DC block capacitor, common mode termination (CMT) and the transmission channel (unshielded- or shielded twisted pair, UTP/STP). The high-frequency models of the mentioned components are essential for design and simulation of high-speed bus systems. For this purpose, new simulation models are proposed in this article. In order to measure the appropriate CMC for 100BASE-T1 FR4 substrate was used as test-fixture. Due to the frequency range of 1000BASE-T1, high-frequency substrate, i.e. RO4350B was selected. The common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) impedance of the choke are measured. Furthermore, to describe the general characteristics of the choke, the measurements of mixed mode S-parameters are made. The LPFs are fabricated using mentioned substrates. The filter attenuation is measuredconsidering the signal frequency. In the next step, the impedance and mixed-mode S parameters of CMC and LPF were simulated using the suggested equivalent circuit models. The agreement between measurement and simulation results confirmed the validity of the proposed models. On this basis, the suggested models could be adapted and used for further research in the field of Multi-Gig data transmission. As the last step, a comparison between UTP and STP cable based on laboratory-level measurements is performed in two steps. First, the mixed-mode S-parameters of the mentioned cables are determined. Bus Pass System Second, the shielding attenuation is examined according to the wire injection method. From the author’s’ point of view, this paper is the first detailed investigation of the analog front-end of the automotive Ethernet communication system.
In the last sections, individual components of the Front-End circuit were examined in detail. The equivalent circuit has been developed and simulated. A comparison between the simulation results and the results of the measurements showed good agreement.
As already described, the data transmission for 100 Mbit/s is establishedvia UTP lines. By means of the characterization of the transmission channel, methods such as forward error correction and equalization can be implemented at the chip level [8]. In the next generation of Ethernet communication, the goal is to increase data rates to 1 Gbit/s. With increasingfrequencies, the data lines become more susceptible to interference [9]. Therefore, the use of UTP lines for Gigabit communication is doubted and alternative transmission media such as STP, shielded parallel pair (SPP) or coaxial lines are examined for their suitability. These cables have better noise immunity and noise emission than UTP cables. In this section, a comparison between a UTP and an STP cable based on laboratory-level measurements is performed in two steps. First, the mixed-mode S-parameters of the STP and UTP line with a length of 6m are determined with the test set-up described in [10] and shown in Fig. 17(a). https://codeshoppy.com/ . In the second step, the shielding attenuation is examined according to the “wire injection” method for three different lines under the same measuring conditions.
The following results are obtained by comparing the measurements: • The measured coupling between STP and UTP lines of equal length is less than -65 dB. • The coupling between an STP line and an RG58 cable is less than -50 dB. • The coupling of two STP lines has a value of less than -90 dB. These measurements show the effectiveness of the twisting and especially the shielding of the tested lines.
The bandwidth requirements of future automotive network technologies pose new challenges to vehicle manufacturers worldwide. The increase in the data rate is to be realized by increasing the baud rate. The existing standards for 100 Mbit/sand 1000 Mbit/s each use PAM-3. The use of modulation formats such as PAM-5 to PAM-16 is planned. However, higher modulation formats increase sensitivity to electrical interferences. Therefore, the investigation of the robustness of the latest Ethernet bus systems and their components regarding electromagnetic compatibility plays an important role. In this article, the existing standards for mentioned data in automotive, i.e. 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1 are described and investigated. The requirements of the physical layer and the transmission channel are discussed. To design and simulate the Ethernet bus systems the models of their analog front-end are required. The model of the transceiver, low pass filter, common mode choke and common mode termination are presented. The proposed models are simulated using SPICE equivalent circuits and verified by measurements. The CM and DM impedance of the choke are measured. Furthermore, the measurements of mixed mode S-parameters of CMC and LPF are made. As the last step, the UTP and STP cables were compared by measurements of shielding attenuation and mixed-mode S-parameters. Download Now
On a recent survey [17], as reported on Wikipedia, the Google play store has nearly 1billion application where the increase in usage of android apps increases day by day. The android is open source were the people getting moved to the application. The android operating system and its apps play a vital role in the today’s world .So the focal target is towards attacking them. The threat has caused great rise in the malware1, chargeware2, and adware3 [7]. So, various analyses and research have been made to find better results on the malware detection and new technique involving the higher detection rate and accuracy. php projects titles ideas 2019 The main issue is when concerned with android its security, apparently the main cause is the malware. Earlier the malware detection was through a system call request in which based on only on request, where internal behavior is not analyzed. In terms of static it is based on privilege escalation attacks detection and prevention of attacks [14]. It includes various methodologies comprising the Component-based permission escalation, Application-level privilege escalation attack. In another work, a framework for segregation of software in android platform with application of security [8].MOSES represented as MOde-of-uses SEparation in Smartphones, where the android level semantics filtrations of irrelevant behaviors are done.
On considering the dynamic analysis the work of the malware detection is based on Copper Droid where analyzing the android level semantics, characterizing the general behavior [13] .But it has certain limitation where the behaviors of android are not analyzed. Next Taint Droid based on android level semantics and filtering of the irrelevant behaviors [11]. Taint Droid is alerting the information leakage of unintended data to intended data. https://codeshoppy.com/php-projects-titles-topics.html Profile Droid based on behaviors of the system and focus on the android level semantics [10]. Droid Scope focused on the android level semantics, analyzing the internal behaviors [15].
In considering upon an installation of the app, permissions play a key role in it. Many users are unaware of installation permission where the users of ignorant to the malicious threats. Lots of unnecessary permission leaks to the unauthorized users where leading a malicious activity. Thus the proposed work is introduced in order to minimize the risk permission which preventing the privacy data to be leaked. The proposed architecture and the implementation details are discussed as follows.
A.User-Intiating PhaseThe user is the first entry point in which enters the login credentials during the installation particular app. The user has to check the description details of every app, and read the terms and conditions of an app before entering the credentials.To protect the information from unauthorized access security is provided as the main criteria in which every user has proper authentication
B.Installation of an app Next step is the installation of an app in which the when downloading the application (.apk file) the user has to check the EULA of a particular app to be downloaded. Every app asks for permission. The permission asking the private information leaks the data prominent too vulnerable attacks. After verification of an app the users can do the installation of an app.
C.List of permission granted In this module it identifies the permissions of an installed app.If the user installed app, the user grants the permission it which agreed to the terms and conditions of an app. Once installed app granted permission cannot deny. So it lists the permissions of an installed app.
D.Detection permission Identification Once the permission is listed it identifies the private risk permission and analyzes it .In this paper, the identification of the permission is classified according to its level of permission. It identifies the type of permission and list the malicious app detection. It is using the feature extraction algorithm called Principal component Analysis (PCA) and Sequential Forward selection (SFS) to recognize the permissions on the app. •Sequential Forward Selection(SFS):SFS, recognized as a feature selection process where selecting a subset of relevant features (variables, predictors)for use in model construction.SFS sequentially adds features to an empty candidate set until the addition of further features cannot improve the prediction performance[1]. •Principal component analysis (PCA): PCA is a arithmetical procedure that uses an orthogonal transformation to change a set of observations of feasibly correlated variables into another set of values containing of linearly uncorrelated variables called (PC) principal components [1].
E.Minimize risk permission-centralized algorithm In order to minimize the risk permission (i.e.) prevention of private leakage we use the centralized algorithm. The centralized algorithm is to solve the numerous request of permission presenting the “Centralized algorithm” were demanding to provide legal and limited permission.For an installation of an app, it requires a ‘n’ number of permissions, where in order to reduce the permission we prefer this algorithm. In this algorithm only two process are involved. They are: Request and Release. When the permission provided is accepted level user grants the permission, whereas if the user identifies the unwanted risk permission, it denies the request and limits the permission. Now if the process (app) is selected in the coordinator (system) (e.g., the one running on the machine with the highest permission).Whenever a process (app) wants to install it requests for permission. The permissions are limited if it asks for the private data for it provides “deny message” and helps to the access the app with selected permission.
F.Result analysis with reduced permission From the above methods the users identify unwanted permission and reduce the risk permission which to obtain a trusted permission preventing the leakage of data. In this it produces less permission of an each app preventing the leakage of data avoiding over privileged permission. This phase helps us in preventing from unauthorized attack. From our analysis, the app request permission gain request access to the phone’s state permissions, which provide apps with the ability to gain the SIM card information and IMEI number information, the analysis[16], in which want to be able to track user behavior across apps. So we are trying to obtain maximized trusted apps and reduced number of the risks.
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